(1) Fallout. Refers to minute iron particles, sometimes hot, of rail dust and smoke stack fly ash caused by friction between train wheels and track. Fallout takes effect to the vehicle either during transportation by rail car or truck, or when stationary in a heavily contaminated area. (2) Brake dust. Composed of metallic iron particles, brake dust is a dark-coloured residue caused by the grinding of iron and brake pads, and takes place when braking occurs. (3) Metal oxides. When chemicals in a vehicle’s exterior painted surface break down, the underlying metal is exposed to oxygen and causes metal oxides.

Both fallout and brake dust produce minute metallic iron particles that become embedded in the vehicle’s exterior painted surface and form a bond with the metallic substrate underneath. Metal oxides, formed when the vehicle’s exterior painted surface breaks down, begins to corrode.

Fallout, brake dust, and metal oxides typically rust and discolour the paint, affect the smooth surface texture, and are easily noticed on vehicles with white paint.

Removal of these metallic iron particles is accomplished by using KNOCK OUT. KNOCK OUT is a cleaner formulated using organic acids that dissolve the metallic particles, enabling complete, safe removal. The YELLOW NANO BUFF WASH MITT, BLUE NANO BUFF WASH MITT, GREY CLAY BAR, and PURPLE CLAY BAR are also effective at removing surface contaminants; however, are not recommended for medium to heavy applications, where metallic iron particles are embedded into the painted surfaces.